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Armenia in Paris Peace Conferance 1919
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United Armenia
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Det kurdiske flag som av kurderne selv blitt kalt Alay Kurdistan, Alaya Kurdistanê, eller Alaya Rengin “Det fargerike Flag”, dukket først gang opp i forbindelse med den kurdiske uavhengighedsbevegelse fra det Osmanniske Rige. Hvis kilderne nærstuderes så tildeles æren faktisk organisationen av Xoybûn (Khoyboon), da man mener, de står bak skapelsen av flaget i 1900-tallet.
Senere hen i historien ble flaget presenteret for medlemmerne av den internationale delegation ved Fredskonferencen i Paris, der hadde uttenkt en plan for kurdisk uavhengighet som en del av serves traktaten med osmanniske Tyrkiet i 1920. Under samme flag anonserte Khoyboun dannelsen av den første “kurdiske eksilregjering” i 1927 og kjempet en langtrukken krig inntil 1932 med det formål at gjennoppleve den kurdiske nationale uavhængighet.
I 1946 ble etableringen av Republikken Kurdistan i Mehabad til, og det gamle “solskins flag” ble vedtatt av parlamentet som det officielle flag for republikken. Etter ovennevnte historiske begivenheter, er det nationale flag blitt vedtatt i Kurdistan og er blitt brukt av forskellige kurdiske bevegelser og enheter i alle sektorer i landet.
Enhver nation eller befolkningsgruppe har et flag for at signalere landets styrker eller symbolisere hva en befolkning står for, men hvorfor indeholder det kurdiske flag de farger som det gør og hvordan skal man forstå flaget?
Det kurdiske flag er et av de mest farvgerikee flag i verden, men det er ikke uten grunnn, for hver farge har en betydning. Den røde farge symboliserer de kurdiske martyrers blod og den fortsatte kamp for frihet og verdighet og den hvite farge betyr, at fred og likhet er hensikten med våres kamp. Dertil har flaget den grønne farge som viser den stolthet kurderne har over landskapet i Kurdistan.
Sist, men ikke minst, så skal den gule farge utstråle livets kilde og folkets lys. Det vigtigste kurdiske karakteristisk for flaget er den brendende sol i midten, som er en gammel religiøs og kulturel symbol blandt kurdere og synonym med ild i Zoroastranisme visdommen. Solen har 21 stråler, som er like i størrelse og form. Tallet 21 holder betydning i de gamle Ezidi religiøse tradisjoner hos kurderne.
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The Flag of Kurdistan (Kurdish: Alay Kurdistan or Alaya Kurdistanê, also called Alaya Rengîn “The Colorful Flag”) first appeared during the Kurdish independence movement from the Ottoman Empire. It is said to have been created in the 1900s by the organisation of Xoybûn, or Khoyboun, (full name: Xoybûn – Ciwata Serxwebuna Kurd) meaning oneself/being oneself in Kurdish language.
Xoybûn (founded by Kurds and Armenians) was a Kurdish nationalist organization that is known for being the chief instigator and leading the Ararat rebellion commanded by General Ihsan Nuri Pasha, a former officer in the Ottoman and Turkish armies.
The organization was founded by Memduh Selim and his colleagues with the involvement of former members of Kurdish nationalist organisations like Kürdistan Teali Cemiyeti, Kürt Teşkilat-ı İçtimaiye Cemiyeti, Kürt Millet Fırkası, Comite de Independence Kurde, together with Kurdish intellectuals who took refuge in Iraq, Iran and Syria at the house of Vahan Papazian, who was a member of the central committee of Dashnaktsutyun on October 5, 1927, in Greater Lebanon.
Vahan Papazyan was one of the principal members of Dashnaktsutyun and the representative of Democratic Republic of Armenia at Paris Peace Conference in 1919. During the Paris Peace Conference of 1919, the representative of the Ottoman Armenians, Boghos Nubar Pasha and the representative of the Armenian Republic, Avetis Aharonian put forward territorial claims against the Ottoman Empire and provided information regarding the Armenian population.
The organization was established with the help of former members of Dashnaktsutyun The Armenian Revolutionary Federation – Dashnaktsutyun (ARF-D), also known as Armenian Socialist Party, is an Armenian left-wing nationalist party founded in Tiflis, Russian Empire (now Tbilisi, Georgia) in 1890 by Christapor Mikaelian, Stepan Zorian, and Simon Zavarian.
Xoybûn under the leadership of Celadet Alî Bedirxan, Kamuran Alî Bedirxan, Ekrem Cemilpaşa, Memdûh Selîm and others, decided to promote Ihsan Nuri, to general (pasha) and sent him to Erzurum with 20 comrades. They published a newspaper named Aigrî.
The central committee of Xoybûn appointed Ibrahim Haski, who was one of the chieftains of Jalali tribe, to the governorship of Agirî Province and Ihsan Nuri to the post of general commander of the Kurdish Armed Forces. Xoybûn also made appeals to the Great Powers and the League of Nations.
The House of Hasan-Jalalyan was an Armenian dynasty that ruled the region of Khachen (Greater Artsakh) from 1214 onwards in what are now the regions of lower Karabakh, Nagorno-Karabakh and small part of Syunik. It was named after Hasan-Jalal Dawla, an Armenian feudal prince from Khachen. Much of Hasan-Jalal Dawla’s family roots were entrenched in an intricate array of royal marriages with new and old Armenian nakharar families.
Hasan-Jalal traced his descent to the Armenian Arranshahik dynasty, a family that predated the establishment of the Parthian Arsacids in the region. Hasan-Jalal’s ancestry was “almost exclusively” Armenian according to historian Robert H. Hewsen, a professor at Rowan University and an expert on the history of the Caucasus.
The Hasan-Jalalyan family was able to maintain its autonomy throughout several centuries of foreign domination of the region by Seljuk Turks, Persians and Mongols as they, as well as the other Armenian princes and meliks of Khachen, saw themselves of holding the last bastion of Armenian independence in the region.
Through their many patronages of churches and other monuments, the Hasan-Jalalyans helped cultivate Armenian culture throughout the region. By the late 16th century, the Hasan-Jalalyan family had branched out to establish melikdoms in Gulistan and Jraberd, making them, along with Khachen, Varanda and Dizak, a part of what was then known as the “Melikdoms of Khamsa.”
In the course of the period from the 17th century to the early 19th century, the Jalalyan house also proliferated in the establishment of several other Armenian noble houses, including the Melik-Atabekyan family, who became the last rulers of the principality of Jraberd. Allahverdi II Hasan-Jalalyan, who was to die in 1813, was the final melik of Khachen when the Russian Empire first entered the region in 1805 during the Russo-Persian War of 1804-1813. In 1828, following the end of the second Russo-Persian War, the Russians finally dissolved the office of Catholicos.
In October 1927, Kurd Ava or Kurdava, a village near Mount Ararat was designated as the provisional capital of Kurdistan. Xoybûn made appeals to the Great Powers and the League of Nations, and also sent messages to other Kurds in Iraq and Syria to ask for co-operation.
The Republic of Ararat or Kurdish Republic of Ararat located in eastern Turkey, being centered on Karaköse Province, declared during a wave of rebellion among Kurds in southeastern Turkey its independence by the central committee of Xoybûn party on October 28, 1927, but were subsequently put down by Turkish forces in 1931. Agirî is the Kurdish name for Ararat.
An earlier version of this flag was flown by the break-away Republic of Ararat in Turkey during the period 1927-1931. A similar flag was later used by the Soviet-backed Kurdish Republic known as the Republic of Mahabad in 1946. It is currently used as the official flag of the autonomous Kurdistan Region in Iraq which is under control of the Kurdistan Regional Government. The flag is banned in Turkey, Iran and Syria.
The main Kurdish characteristic of the flag is the blazing golden sun emblem at the center, which is an ancient religious and cultural symbol among the Kurds and synonymous with fire in representing wisdom in Zoroastrianism. The sun disk of the emblem has 21 rays, equal in size and shape. The number 21 holds importance in the ancient Ezidi religious traditions of the Kurds.
The symbolism of the colors are:
- Red symbolizes the blood of martyrs of Kurdistan and the continued struggle for the freedom and dignity for Kurdistan and its people.
- Green expresses the beauty and the landscapes of Kurdistan.
- White expresses peace and equality.
- Yellow represents the source of life and light of the people.
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