This is the call to you peace loving activists who cares about the world more than money and comfort – Stop the war, and the capitalism, the criminal minds destroying the world, before it is too late – I have not managed, I hope you can
Our Civilization:
The Fertile Crescent is a term for an old fertile area north, east and west of the Arabian Desert in Southwest Asia. The Mesopotamian valley and the Nile valley fall under this term even though the mountain zone around Mesopotamia is the natural zone for the transition in a historical sense.
As a result of a number of unique geographical factors the Fertile Crescent have an impressive history of early human agricultural activity and culture. Besides the numerous archaeological sites with remains of skeletons and cultural relics the area is known primarily for its excavation sites linked to agricultural origins and development of the Neolithic era.
It was here, in the forested mountain slopes of the periphery of this area, that agriculture originated in an ecologically restricted environment. The western zone and areas around the upper Euphrates gave growth to the first known Neolithic farming communities with small, round houses , also referred to as Pre Pottery Neolithic A (PPNA) cultures, which dates to just after 10,000 BC and include areas such as Jericho, the world’s oldest city.
During the subsequent PPNB from 9000 BC these communities developed into larger villages with farming and animal husbandry as the main source of livelihood, with settlement in the two-story, rectangular house. Man now entered in symbiosis with grain and livestock species, with no opportunity to return to hunter – gatherer societies.
The area west and north of the plains of the Euphrates and Tigris also saw the emergence of early complex societies in the much later Bronze Age (about 4000 BC). There is evidence of written culture and early state formation in this northern steppe area, although the written formation of the states relatively quickly shifted its center of gravity into the Mesopotamian valley and developed there. The area is therefore in very many writers been named “The Cradle of Civilization.”
The area has experienced a series of upheavals and new formation of states. When Turkey was formed in the aftermath of the genocide against the Pontic Greeks, Armenians and Assyrians perpetrated by the Young Turks during the First World War it is estimated that two-thirds to three-quarters of all Armenians and Assyrians in the region died, and the Pontic Greeks was pushed to Greece.
Israel was created out of the Ottoman Empire and the conquering of the Palestinian terretories. The existence of large Arab nation states from the Maghreb to the Levant has since represented a potential threat to Israel which should be neutralised when opportunities arise.
This line of thinking was at the heart of David Ben Gurion’s policies in the 1950s which sought to exacerbate tensions between Christians and Muslims in the Lebanon for the fruits of acquiring regional influence by the dismembering the country and the possible acquisition of additional territory.
The Christians are now being systematically targeted for genocide in Syria according to Vatican and other sources with contacts on the ground among the besieged Christian community.
According to reports by the Vatican’s Fides News Agency collected by the Centre for the Study of Interventionism, the US-backed Free Syrian Army rebels and ever more radical spin-off factions are sacking Christian churches, shooting Christians dead in the street, broadcasting ultimatums that all Christians must be cleansed from the rebel-held villages, and even shooting priests.
It is now time that the genocide against the Pontic Greeks, Assyrians and Armenians is being recognized, that the Israeli occupation, settlements and violence against the Palestinians stop, and that the various minorities in the area start to live their lifes in peace – without violence and threats from majority populations, or from the West, and then specificially from the US.
War in the Fertile Crescent
http://aratta.wordpress.com/2013/11/13/war-in-the-fertile-crescent
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Search, and you will find the birth of our nation/our civilization:
Urartu – Ararat – Armenia
Ar, Ara, Ars (Ers) – Hurrians, Aryans
Ur, Uruk, Urkesh, Irak
German, Herman, Armen
Yer – e – van – The tribe of Ar
Nakh (Nakh-Dagestani), Nakhchivan, Nakharar
Kummanni, Kumarbi, Commagene, Kumme, Sumerians, Comana
Ar-Min, Mannea, Mannai, Minni, Mannus, Manu, Man
Armani, Aleppo, Arev (sun), Arave (Arab), Alawittes
Van, Biainili
Subartu, Sumartu, Samarra, Sumeria, Simurrum
Nairi, Aram-Naharaim
Urartu, Urashtu, Ash, Ashur, Assyria, Syria
Arme, Urme, Ar, Ra, Uri-ki (Akkad)
Erebuni, Erevani, Erevan, Yerevan
Arran, Aran, Ardhan, Aghvank, Alvank, Albania, Alanians, Avar, Avaris
Artsakh, Ardakh, Urdekhe, Atakhuni, Orchistene
Mitanni, Mit-ra, Mita (King)
Mari, Martu, Amorites, Maria-nnu, Maria, Maria-nne, Marathi
Aratta, Iron, Ossetians, Issedones, Aasii, Asena, Asiris, Æsir, Asgard
Circassians, Circassia, Kaskian, Adiga (atté) Hatti, Hattians, Hatay
Jerusalem, Jerevan, Jericho, Yareaẖ, Arīḥā, Ar-Ruhā, Urfa
Adad, Haddad, Ada, Adanus, Adana, Eden, Denyans, Tell Dan, Dan, Danaus, Danaoi, Danaans, Danaë, Danavas, Danube
Khabur, Kyprus, Copper
Šar, Tsar, King
Ba and Ma
In linguistics, mama and papa refers to the sequences of sounds /ma/, /mama/ and similar ones known to correspond to the word for “mother” and “father” in many languages of the world.
The basic kinship terms mama and papa are said to comprise a special case of false cognates. The cross-linguistic similarities between these terms are thought to result from the nature of language acquisition.
These words are the first word-like sounds made by babbling babies (babble words), and parents tend to associate the first sound babies make with themselves. Thus, there is no need to ascribe the similarities to common ancestry of !Kung, are a Bushman (San) people living in the Kalahari Desert in Namibia, Botswana and in Angola, ba, Aramaic abba, Mandarin Chinese bàba, Persian baba, and French papa (all “father”); or Navajo amá, Mandarin Chinese māma, Swahili mama, Quechua mama, Polish mama and English “mama” (all “mother”).
These terms are built up from speech sounds that are easiest to produce (bilabials like m, p, and b and the open vowel a). However, variants do occur: for example, in Fijian, the word for “mother” is nana, the Mongolian and Turkish word is ana, and in proto-Old Japanese, the word for “mother” was *papa. The modern Japanese word for “father,” chichi, is from older titi. In Japanese the child’s initial mamma is interpreted to mean “food”.
In the Proto-Indo-European language *mater meant “mother” and *pater meant “father”, *appa- meant “papa”, a nursery word for “father”.
Ensí (patesi), Patrilineal, Patriarch, Patriarchy, Patria
Ba (Osiris’ soul), Ba’alat, Ba’al (a Northwest Semitic title and honorific meaning “master” or “lord” that is used for various gods who were patrons of cities in the Levant and Asia Minor, cognate to Akkadian Bēlu), Zababa (the tutelary god of the city of Kish), Ur-Zababa (a name listed on the Sumerian King List as the second king of the 4th Dynasty of Kish – the king list also says Sargon of Akkad was a cup-bearer for Ur-Zababa before becoming ruler of Akkadian Empire), Pazuzu (In Assyrian and Babylonian mythology the king of the demons of the wind, and son of the god Hanbi – he also represented the southwestern wind, the bearer of storms and drought), Hanbi or Hanpa (in Sumerian and Akkadian mythology was the father of Pazuzu, Enki and Humbaba), Hubaba (a monstrous giant of immemorial age raised by Utu, the Sun), Paris ( also known as Alexander or Alexandros, c.f. Alaksandu of Wilusa, the son of Priam, king of Troy)
Ma (a Sumerian word meaning “land” that in Sumerian mythology was also used to designate the primeval land), Mami / Mama (a goddess in the Babylonian epic Atra-Hasis and in other creation legends), Ma (a local goddess at Comana (Cappadocia) and a Phrygian alternative name for Cybele), Maat / Mayet (the ancient Egyptian concept of truth, balance, order, law, morality, and justice), Mat (land), Matrimony (Marriage), Matriarchy, Matriarch
Georgian is notable for having its similar words “backwards” compared to other languages: “father” in Georgian is mama, while “mother” is pronounced as deda. papa stands for “grandfather”.
Dravidian languages, like Tamil, Kannada, Malayalam, and Tulu, all have the words amma and appa.
Persians
Me (a me, or parşu, is one of the decrees of the gods foundational to those social institutions, religious practices, technologies, behaviors, mores, and human conditions that make civilization, as the Sumerians understood it, possible. They are fundamental to the Sumerian understanding of the relationship between humanity and the gods),
Me, Message
Parşu, Perseus, Perses, Perseides, Persephone, Parsua, Persians, Persis, Pars (Fars), Persepolis, Pasargadae, Parthia, Paropamisadae
The origin of the ethnic Iranian peoples/Persian peoples are traced to the Ancient Iranian peoples, who were part of the ancient Indo-Iranians and themselves part of the greater Indo-European language family.
The Ancient Iranian peoples emerged in parts of the Iranian plateau circa 1000 BCE. Important Iranian tribes such as Old Persians, Medes, Parthians, Bactrians, Scythians, and the Avesta people used the name Arya (Iranian), which was a collective definition, denoting peoples who were aware of belonging to a generally common ethnic stock, speaking very closely related languages, and mainly sharing a religious tradition that centered on the worship of Ahura Mazda.
The Old Persians, who were one of these ethnic Iranian groups, were originally nomadic, pastoral people in the western Iranian plateau and by 850 BCE were calling themselves the Parsa and their constantly shifting territory Parsua for the most part localized around Persis (Pars), bounded on the west by Tigris river and on the south by the Persian Gulf. The first known written record of the term Persian is from Assyrian inscriptions of the 9th century BCE, which mention both Parsuash and Parsua.
The Iranian Persians and Medes were initially dominated by the Assyrian Empire for much of the first three centuries after arriving in the region. However, the Medes and Persians played a major role in the downfall of Assyria, after it had been riven by internal civil war.
These cognate words were taken from old Iranian Parsava and presumably meant border, borderland and were geographical designations for Iranian populations (who referred to themselves as Aryans as an ethnic designation or showing the nobility). Nonetheless, Parsua and Parsuash were two different geographical locations, the latter referring to southwestern Iran, known in Old Persian as Pârsa (Modern Fars).
The Greeks (who tended earlier to use names related to “Median”) began in the 5th century to use adjectives such as Perses, Persica or Persis for Cyrus the Great’s empire, which is where the word Persian in English comes from. In the later parts of the Bible, where this kingdom is frequently mentioned (Books of Esther, Daniel, Ezra and Nehemya), it is called “Paras”, or sometimes “Paras ve Madai” i.e. “Persia and Media”.
As the Old Persians gained power, they developed the infrastructure to support their growing influence, including creation of a capital named Pasargadae, and an opulent city named Persepolis.
Starting around 550 BCE, from the region of Persis in southern Iran, encompassing the present Fars province, the ancient Persians spread their language and culture to other parts of the Iranian plateau and assimilated and intermingled with local Iranian and ‘indigenous non-Iranian’ groups including the Elamites, Gutians and Manneans over time.
Persians also interacted with other ancient civilizations in Europe and Africa. The first Persian empire extended as far as the limits of the Greek city states, where Persians and Athenians influenced each other in what is essentially a reciprocal cultural exchange.
At the same time, the Old Persians were part of the wider Ariya (Iranian nation); Darius and Xerxes boast of belonging to a stock which they call “Iranian”: they proclaim themselves “Iranian” and “of Iranian stock,” ariya and ariya čiça respectively, in inscriptions in which the Iranian countries come first in a list that is arranged in a new hierarchical and ethno-geographical order.
Until the Parthian era, Iranian identity had an ethnic, linguistic, and religious value, however it did not yet have a political import. The Parthian language, an important Iranian language, was spoken by the Parthians and is mutually intelligble with the Middle Persian language became an official language of the Parthian empire. The Parthian language had an important influence in the modern Persian language as well as other Iranian languages.
In the 1st century BCE, Strabo (c. 64 BCE–24 CE) would note a relationship between the various Iranian peoples and their languages: “[From] beyond the Indus [...] Ariana is extended so as to include some part of Persia, Media, and the north of Bactria and Sogdiana; for these nations speak nearly the same language.” (Geography, 15.2.1-15.2.8) He mentions the Cyrtians, the plausible ancestors of the modern Kurds as one of the Persian tribes. Cyrtians, the generally accepted progenitors of the Kurds and Lurs might already have been significantly scattered in the Zagros from Persis into Media.
During Sassanian Iran, a national culture, fully aware of being “Iranian” took shape and was partially motivated by the restoration and the revival of the wisdom of the “sages of old,” dānāgān pēšēnīgān. Other aspects of this national culture included the glorification of a great heroic past and an archaizing spirit. Throughout the period, the pre-Islamic Iranian identity reached its height in every aspect: political, religious, cultural and even linguistic.
In terms of linguistic, Middle Persian, which is the immediate ancestor of Modern Persian and variety of other Iranian dialects, became the official language of the empire and was greatly diffused amongst Iranians.
The intermingling of Persians, Medes, Parthians, Bactrians and indigenous people of Iran, including the Elamites gained more ground and a homogeneous Iranian identity was created to the extent that all were just called Iranians/Persians irrespective of clannish affiliations and regional linguistic or dialectical alterities. The Elamite language may have survived as late as the early Islamic period.
Ibn al-Nadim among other medieval historians, for instance, wrote that “The Iranian languages are Fahlavi (Pahlavi), Dari, Khuzi, Persian and Suryani”, and Ibn Moqaffa noted that Khuzi was the unofficial language of the royalty of Persia, “Khuz” being the corrupted name for Elam. However the Elamite identity might have vanished already. Furthermore, the process of incomers’ assimilation which had been started with the Greeks, continued in the face of Arab, Mongol and Turkic invasions and proceeded right up to Islamic times.
Hurro-Urartians (Kurds and Armenians)
Teshub (also written Teshup or Tešup) was the Hurrian god of sky and storm. He was derived from the Hattian Taru. His Hittite and Luwian name was Tarhun (with variant stem forms Tarhunt, Tarhuwant, Tarhunta), although this name is from the Hittite root *tarh- “to defeat, conquer”.
Teshub (Tushpa) is depicted holding a triple thunderbolt and a weapon, usually an axe (often double-headed, Labrys) or mace. The sacred bull common throughout Anatolia was his signature animal, represented by his horned crown or by his steeds Seri (Sorani) and Hurri (Kurmanji), who drew his chariot or carried him on their backs.
The Hurrian myth of Teshub’s origin – he was conceived when the god Kumarbi (Kummanni) bit off and swallowed his father Anu’s genitals, as such it most likely shares a Proto-Indo-European cognate with the Greek story of Uranus, Cronus, and Zeus, which is recounted in Hesiod’s Theogony. Teshub’s brothers are Tigris (personification of the river), Ullikummi (stone giant) and Tashmishu.
In the Hurrian schema, Teshub was paired with Hebat the mother goddess; in the Hittite, with the sun goddess Arinniti of Arinna – a cultus of great antiquity which has similarities with the venerated bulls and mothers at Çatal höyük in the Neolithic era. His son was called Sarruma, the mountain god.
Ḫaldi (Ḫaldi, also known as Khaldi or Hayk) was one of the three chief deities of Ararat (Urartu). His shrine was at Ardini (Assyrian Mu-ṣa-ṣir and variants, including Mutsatsir, Akkadian for Exit of the Serpent/Snake ). The other two chief deities were Theispas of Kummanni, and Shivini (Shiva) of Tushpa.
Khaldi (Khali) was a warrior god whom the kings of Urartu would pray to for victories in battle. The temples dedicated to Khaldi were adorned with weapons, such as swords, spears, bow and arrows, and shields hung off the walls and were sometimes known as ‘the house of weapons’.
Of all the gods of Ararat (Urartu) panthenon, the most inscriptions are dedicated to him. His wife was the goddess Arubani. He is portrayed as a man with or without a beard, standing on a lion.
Khaldi, Chalybes, Halizones, Excalibur
Cybele, Kubele, Kheba, Hebat, Hebrew, Sumele, Sumeria
Ki, Kia, Gaya, Haya, Hayk, Hayasa, Hayastan,
Haldi/Khaldi, Hayk, Halaf, Khaldea
Georgian
Kartlos is the eponymous ancestor of the Georgians (Kartvelians) in Georgian mythology, more specifically of the nation of Kartli (Caucasian Iberia). Kartlos is introduced in the medieval Georgian Chronicles (Kartlis Cxovreba), presumably recorded from oral tradition by Leonti Mroveli in the 11th century.
The legend has it that he was a son of Targamos and, thus, brother of Haos (Hayk, the legendary patriarch and founder of the Armenians), Movakos, Lekos (Lak people), Heros (Hereti), Kavkasos (the purported ancestor of Caucasians), and Egros (Lazica, that later developed into the kingdom of Lazica-Egrisi) from whom other Caucasian peoples took their origin. Kartlos united his people to become their chieftain and founded the city of Kartli.
The sons of Kartlos are listed as: Mtskhetos, Gardabos, Kakhos, Kukhos, Gachios, Uphlos, Odzrkhos, Javakhos, the respective eponymous founders of Mtskheta, Gardabani, Kakheti, Kukheti, Gachiani, Uplistsikhe, Odzrkhe, and Javakheti.
Tork Angegh
Tork Angegh was an ancient Armenian masculine deity of strength, courage, of manufacturing and the arts, also called Torq and Durq/Turq. He was considered one of Hayk’s great-grandsons and reportedly represented as an unattractive male figure.
He is mentioned by Armenian 4th Century historian Movses Khorenatsi and considered one of the significant deities of the Armenian pantheon prior to becoming influenced by Iranian and Hellenic religion and mythology.
Taken in the context of Proto-Indo-European religions it is conceivable that an etymologic connexion with Norse god Thor/Tyr is more than a simple coincidence.
Teshub, Taru, Thor, Taranis, Tarhunta, Tarantella, Tarchon, Tarsos, Tarku, Taron, Taraunitis, Turkey
Noah
In the Hebrew Bible, Ashkenaz (Scythians, Sarmatians, Alanians, due in part to the use of the name “Ashkuz” (Saka) for the Scythians in Assyrian Akkadian inscriptions) was the first son of Gomer (Cimerians, Sumerians – Samarra and Catacombe cultures) and brother of Riphath (Rajput, Indo-Aryans) and Togarmah (Tuka – tribe – Tocharians) (Genesis 10:3, 1 Chronicles 1:6).
Gomer was the grandson of Noah (Nakh-Dagestani – Anunaki) through Japheth (Yuezhi, Yavanas, Yarikh). In rabbinic literature from the 11th century, Ashkenaz was considered the ruler of a kingdom in the North and of the Northern and Germanic people. In Armenian tradition, Ashkenaz, along with Togarmah, was considered among the ancestors of the Armenians.
Jonians, Jadu, Javakh, Javakheti, Javan
Mitanni, Matieni, Matiene, Medes, Madai
Muş, Mushki, Moesia, Moschia, Moschian Mountains, Meskheti, Mossynoeci, Meshketians, Meshech
etc etc etc
Armenians
Armani; Arman or Armu, was an important Bronze Age city-kingdom during the late third millennium BC located in northern Syria, identified with the city of Aleppo, which was the capital of the independent kingdom closely related to Ebla, known as Armi to Ebla and Arman or Armani to the Akkadians.
The root AR is the most common root of the Armenian vocabulary. Most place names and words either start with Ar or have it in them.
“Armenian” is composed of the roots “Ar” and “men/man” and the ending “ian”. The suffix “ian” means “of or belonging to”, the root “man” has a similar meaning in Armenian as the English word “man” which is preserved in the Armenian word “man-uk” (child) like a “small man”, “uk” being a diminutive suffix in Armenian.
“Ch” “Չ” is the negative prefix in Armenian as the Enlglish “un-, im-, in-, il-, and ir-, and dis-“. When put in front of “Ar”, we get the Armenian word “Char” “չար” which means “evil, (darkness)”, that is when negating “Ar” we have the word “evil”, while “Ar” means “light, kindness”. Thus the word “Armenian” has the meaning of “People of the Light”.
Ararat derives from the Armenian word “ararel” – “to create”. The same root is in the words “Creator” – “Ararich”, “Creature” – “Ararats”, and the very “PLACE OF CREATION” – “ARARAT”. Similar word is “bacat”- meadow which is an open area – bacel – to open, and “at” makes it “a place of open area”.
Urartu (Armenian: Urartu, Assyrian: Urarṭu; Babylonian: Urashtu), corresponding to the biblical Kingdom of Ararat or Kingdom of Van (Urartian: Biai, Biainili) was a prehistoric Iron Age kingdom centred around Lake Van in the Armenian Highlands.
Urheimat; a German compound of Ur- “primitive, original” (before, ante-, pro-; over- and Heimat “home, homeland”) is a linguistic term that denotes the homeland of the speakers of a proto-language. Forming words with the sense of ‘proto-, primitive, original’.
In Armenian the word ari means brave and noble, and the word ayr (Armenian: այր) means man, which, as some scholars believe, correspond to the Graeco-Aryan theory of origin of Indo-European peoples. In Iranian context the original self-identifier lives on in ethnic names like “Alani”, “Ir”. Similarly, The word Iran is the Persian word for land/place of the Aryans.
The English word “Aryan” is borrowed from the Sanskrit word ārya meaning ‘Noble’; but apparently, it was initially used as a national name to designate those who worshipped the Vedic deities (especially Indra) and followed Vedic culture (e.g. performance of sacrifice, Yajna).
Armenia (Uraštu “Urashtu” in Akkadian, Armina in ancient Persian, and Arminia in Arabic) is 9,000 year old. The Sumerians referred to Armenia as Ararat or Arrata, the birth of civilization. The Early Sumerian scribes acknowledged that the Arratans (Armenians) living on the high plateau of Armenia were their ancestors. Thus, civilization did not start in Mesopotamia or in any other part of the world, but in Armenia.
According to a 1957 theory by Laroche, Indo-Iranian ar-ya- descends from Proto-Indo-European (PIE) *ar-yo-, a yo-adjective to a root *ar “to assemble skillfully”, present in Greek harma “chariot”, Greek aristos, (as in “aristocracy”), Latin ars “art”, etc. Thus, according to this theory, an Aryan is “one who skillfully assembles”.
Aleppo – Arev, Ar, Ara, Armenia, Armenians
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